Micro2Nano - Engineers Ultimate Destination

AVR is 8 bit microcontroller. All its ports are 8 bit wide. Every port has 3 registers associated with it each one with 8 bits. Every bit in those registers configure pins of particular port. Bit0 of these registers is associated with Pin0 of the port, Bit1 of these registers is associated with Pin1 of the port, …. and like wise for other bits. These three registers are as follows : (x can be replaced by A,B,C,D as per the AVR you are using) – DDRx register – PORTx register – PINx register DDRx (Data Direction Register) configures data direction of port pins. Means its setting determines whether port pins will be used for input or output. Writing 0 to a bit in DDRx makes corresponding port pin as input, while writing 1 to a bit in DDRx makes corresponding port pin as output. example: to make all pins of port A as input pins : DDRA = 0b00000000; to make all pins of port A as output pins : DDRA = 0b11111111; to make lower nibble of port B as output and

Resource Download  Download SINAPROG Program Burning Software - Download USBASP Driver Download - Download USBASP Programmer Schematic and Firmware - Download  SINAPROG is use to upload HEX file in all AVR Microcontrollers. To upload HEX file in Microcontroller we require following things :- 1. HEX Code Generated by AVR Studio 4  2. AVR USBASP Programmer 3. AVR Training Board 4  FRC 10-10 Female Cable  5  Blank AVR Microcontroller Step to Program Step 1 :   Connect USBASP Programmer with AVR Trainer Board in ISP ( In System Programming ) section using FRC Cable. Step 2 :  Attach Blank AVR Microcontroller (Ex - Atmega 16 ) to AVR Trainer Board. Step 3.  Open SINAPROG Software, In HEX Section - Click Folder Icon and select the HEX file to be uploaded in Microcontroller  Step 4: Select the Microcontroller in Device Section in which the Program is to be uploaded or Click Search if already connected. Step 5: Select " USBASP Program

There will be a time when all the major technologies in the world will be in nanoscale. Recent developments have been undergone in daily used electronic gadgets like mobiles, computers, laptops and so on. As a part of this, a group of researchers from IBM and CFEL (Centre for free-electron Laser Science) have been successful in developing the world’s smallest magnetic data storage unit. The newly invented unit needs only 12 atoms for storing one bit. That is, 96 atoms for storing one byte. In a conventional memory storage unit a byte consists of half a billion atoms and hence this new technology will prove to be a breakthrough for producing the new generation of devices called “nanogadgets”. This nano data storage unit was made by placing atom by atom by using a STM (scanning tunneling microscope) at IBM’s Almaden research centre in San Jose, California. First a regular pattern of iron atoms were constructed and then they were aligned in such a way that each row co

A capacitor is a passive electric element that accumulates energy in the form of electrostatic field. In simple words, capacitor includes 2 conducting plates alienated by the dielectric (an insulating material). The capacitance is inversely relative to the alienation amid the plates and it’s directly relative to the surface area of the conducting plates. Capacitance also relies on the dielectric constant of the material alienating the plates. The customary unit of capacitance is termed as farad, abbreviated. This is a huge unit; other universal units are known as microfarad, abbreviated 1 µF =10 -6 F (µF) & the picofarad, abbreviated 1 pF = 10 -12 F (pF). What is Capacitor?   “An electric circuit element used to store charge temporarily, consisting in general of two metallic plates separated and insulated from each other by a dielectric, also known as condenser.” Basics of Capacitor: A capacitor in general is like a battery. The

AVR studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) by ATMEL for developing applications based on 8-bit AVR microcontroller. Prior to installation of AVR Studio you have to install the compiler WinAVR. This will allow AVR Studio to detect the compiler Step 1 : Open Software AVR Studio 4 Step 2 : Click on New Project Step 3 : Click on AVR GCC Write the project name Select your project location. Click on Next >> Step 4 : Click on AVR Simulator in left block and then select your controller (e.g.: ATmega16). Click on finish button Step 5 : Write the code in main body area. Save the project file. Step 6 : Go to BUILD -> Compile. This will compile your code and generate error if any. If there is any, rectify the code and Compile Again. After Successful Compilation  This will generate hex file of the code. Use that Hex file to burn your microcontroller. Where you will find Hex file? Just go to th

Introduction to AVR Studio 4 AVR Studio 4 is Atmel's integrated development environment (IDE) specially design to write and debug applications for AVR devices. The suite includes a text editor to write programs, an assembler to translate assembly code into object programs, and a simulator to watch code's behavior without need of having an AVR device attached.   System Requirements : Window XP Window Vista Window 7(32-Bit) Window 7(64-Bit) Windows 8 Step 1: Download AVR Studio 4 from Here - Download Step 2: Download Win AVR from Here - Download Step 3:  Install Win AVR Software Step 4: Installing AVR Studio Locate the setup program in the folder where you downloaded the software. In this case, the name of the setup program is aStudio4b460.exe . Double-click on aStudio4b460.exe to start the installation. Select Next on the appearing window. Read the license agreement, select the "I accept" option, and